Ni ibihe bipimo by'ingenzi bya transformateur?

Hari ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki bijyanye n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa transformers, bishobora kugaragazwa n'ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye. Urugero, ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki bya transformer y'ingufu birimo: ingufu zigenwe, igipimo cya voltage na voltage, igipimo cya voltage, igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bw'akazi, izamuka ry'ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo kugenzura voltage, imikorere yo gukingira no kwirinda ubushuhe. Ku ba transformers basanzwe bafite frequency nke, ibipimo by'ingenzi bya tekiniki ni: igipimo cyo guhindura, imiterere ya frequency, kugoreka kutari umurongo, kurinda magnetic no kurinda electrostatic, imikorere myiza, n'ibindi.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi bya transformer birimo igipimo cy'amashanyarazi, imiterere y'ingufu, imbaraga n'ubushobozi.

(cyangwa se1)Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi

Isano iri hagati y'igipimo cy'amashanyarazi n cya transformer n'izunguruka n'amashanyarazi y'izunguruka ry'ibanze n'iry'inyongera ni iyi ikurikira: n=V1/V2=N1/N2 aho N1 ari yo zunguruka ry'ibanze (ry'ibanze) rya transformer, N2 ni zunguruka ry'inyongera (ry'inyongera), V1 ni voltage ku mpera zombi z'izunguruka ry'ibanze, na V2 ni voltage ku mpera zombi z'izunguruka ry'inyongera. Igipimo cy'amashanyarazi n cya transformer izamuka ni munsi ya 1, igipimo cy'amashanyarazi n cya transformer imanuka ni kinini kuruta 1, kandi igipimo cy'amashanyarazi cya transformer isohoka ni 1.

(cyangwa se2)Ingufu zigenwe P Iyi parametre ikoreshwa muri rusange kuri transformateur z'ingufu. Ivuga ku ngufu zisohoka iyo transformateur y'ingufu ishobora gukora igihe kirekire idarengeje ubushyuhe bwagenwe munsi y'umuvuduko w'imikorere n'amashanyarazi byagenwe. Ingufu zigenwe za transformateur zifitanye isano n'agace k'inkingi y'icyuma, umurambararo w'insinga zikozwe muri enamel, n'ibindi. Transformateur ifite agace k'inkingi y'icyuma kinini, umurambararo munini w'insinga zikozwe muri enamel n'ingufu nyinshi zisohoka.

(cyangwa se3)Imiterere y'impinduka Imiterere y'impinduka yerekeza ku kuba transformateur ifite intera runaka y'impinduka zikoreshwa, kandi transformateur zifite intera zitandukanye z'impinduka zikoreshwa ntizishobora guhindurwa. Iyo transformateur ikoze kurenza intera yayo y'impinduka, ubushyuhe burazamuka cyangwa transformateur ntizakora neza.

(cyangwa se4)Ingufu zikoreshwa neza zisobanura igipimo cy'ingufu zisohoka n'ingufu zinjira za transformateur ku mutwaro ugenwe. Iki giciro gihwanye n'ingufu zisohoka za transformateur, ni ukuvuga ko uko imbaraga zisohoka za transformateur ziba nyinshi, ni ko imikorere iba myinshi; Uko imbaraga zisohoka za transformateur ziba nto, ni ko imikorere iba mito. Agaciro k'imikorere ya transformateur muri rusange kari hagati ya 60% na 100%.

Ku ngufu zigenwa, igipimo cy'imbaraga zisohoka n'imbaraga z'injira bya transformer cyitwa imikorere myiza ya transformer, ari byo

η= x100%

Ahoη Ni ubushobozi bwa transformateur; P1 ni imbaraga z'injira na P2 ni imbaraga z'isohoka.

Iyo imbaraga zo gusohora P2 za transformateur zingana n'imbaraga zo gusohora P1, imikorere myizaη Ku kigereranyo cya 100%, transformateur ntabwo izatera igihombo. Ariko mu by'ukuri, nta transformateur nk'iyo ibaho. Iyo transformateur yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ihora itera igihombo, ahanini kirimo igihombo cy'umuringa n'igihombo cy'icyuma.

Igihombo cy'umuringa bivuze igihombo giterwa no kudakora neza kwa transformateur. Iyo umuriro ushyushye binyuze mu kudakora neza kwa transformateur, igice cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi kizahinduka ingufu z'ubushyuhe hanyuma kikabura. Kubera ko muri rusange insinga z'umuringa zipfukiranwa, byitwa igihombo cy'umuringa.

Gutakaza icyuma kwa transformer birimo ibintu bibiri. Kimwe ni ugutakaza hysteresis. Iyo AC current inyuze muri transformer, icyerekezo n'ingano by'umurongo w'imbaraga za rukuruzi unyura mu rupapuro rw'icyuma rwa silicon rwa transformer bizahinduka uko bikwiye, bigatuma molekile ziri mu rupapuro rw'icyuma rwa silicon zihugirana zigasohora ingufu z'ubushyuhe, bityo zigatakaza igice cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, aribyo byitwa hysteresis loss. Ikindi ni ugutakaza amashanyarazi ya eddy, iyo transformer ikora. Hariho umurongo w'imbaraga za rukuruzi unyura mu gice cy'icyuma, kandi amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu azakorwa ku murongo ugororotse w'umurongo w'imbaraga za rukuruzi. Kubera ko uyu muyoboro ukora umuzenguruko ufunze kandi ukazenguruka mu ishusho ya whirlpool, witwa eddy current. Kubaho k'umuyoboro wa eddy bituma igice cy'icyuma gishyuha kandi kigakoresha ingufu, aribyo byitwa eddy current loss.

Imikorere myiza ya transformateur ifitanye isano rya hafi n'urwego rw'ingufu za transformateur. Muri rusange, uko ingufu ziba nini, niko imbaraga zo gutakaza n'umusaruro ziba nto, kandi uko ubushobozi burushaho kuba bwinshi. Ahubwo, uko imbaraga ziba nto, niko ubushobozi bugabanuka.